AERC Working Paper Series

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    Impact de l'adoption de Semence Améliorées sur la Productivité du Maïs au Bénin
    (AERC, 2026) Christelle Yèba AKPO
    Le maïs occupe une place prépondérante dans le secteur agricole du Bénin, car il est largement consommé et représente une source potentielle de devises pour le pays. L'objectif est donc d'analyser les effets de l'adoption de variétés de semences améliorées sur la productivité au Bénin. Plus précisément, il vise à (1) identifier les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des agriculteurs d'adopter des variétés de maïs améliorées, et (2) estimer l'impact de l'adoption de semences améliorées sur les rendements de maïs. Les données utilisées sont des données secondaires issues de la base de données du Programme d'analyse des politiques agricoles de l'Institut national de recherche agricole du Bénin (PAPA/INRAB) et portent sur un échantillon aléatoire de 356 producteurs de maïs. En utilisant le modèle de régression par changement de régime pour contrôler les biais de sélection potentiels et les problèmes d'hétérogénéité non observée, il est démontré que l'accès au crédit, la quantité d'engrais utilisée, le soutien technique et l'adhésion à une organisation d'agriculteurs font partie des facteurs qui déterminent l'adoption de variétés de maïs améliorées par les agriculteurs. En outre, les résultats montrent clairement que l'adoption de variétés de semences de maïs améliorées est associée à une meilleure productivité chez les adoptants, ce qui suggère que les efforts visant à diffuser ces variétés auprès des non-adoptants devraient être poursuivis afin de maximiser les avantages inhérents à cette innovation.
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    Impact of The Adoption of Improved Seeds on Maize Productivity in Benin
    (AERC, 2026) Christelle Yèba AKPO
    Maize occupies a prominent place in Benin's agricultural sector in that it is widely consumed and represents a potential source of foreign exchange for the country. The objective here is therefore to analyse the effects of adopting improved seed varieties on productivity in Benin. More specifically, it aims to (1) identify the factors that influence farmers' decisions to adopt improved maize varieties, and (2) estimate the impact of adopting improved seeds on maize yields. The data used are secondary and extracted from the database of the Agricultural Policy Analysis Programme of the National Institute for Agricultural Research of Benin (PAPA/INRAB) and cover a random sample of 356 maize producers. Using the regime-switching regression model to control for potential selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity issues, it is shown that access to credit, the amount of fertiliser used, technical support and membership of a farmers' organisation are among the factors that determine the adoption of improved maize varieties by farmers. Furthermore, the results clearly show that the adoption of improved maize seed varieties is associated with improved productivity among adopters, suggesting that efforts to disseminate improved varieties to non-adopters should be continued to maximise the benefits inherent in this innovation.
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    THE ROLE OF BANK RELATIONSHIPS IN INTERBANK LIQUIDITY DISTRIBUTION AND PRICING IN MALAWI
    (AERC, 2026) Esmie Koriheya Kanyumbu (PhD)
    Interbank markets are classified as unique markets because, unlike in other financial markets, trading in these markets depends heavily on the trust that market players have for one another. Consequently, interbank markets are associated with strong relationships between banks. Such relationships are expected to affect pricing of liquidity in these markets. Along these lines, this study aimed to investigate price determination in interbank market by precisely paying attention to the role played by bank relationships. The strength of relationships is proxied by the frequency of borrowing and lending by specific banks in this market. The study investigates how relationships affect the rate at which such loans are provided. The study uses the structure of the Malawi interbank market as a case study for interbank markets in low-income countries. It applies quarterly bank-level data spanning from 2010:1 to 2024:4. Results of the study show that building borrowing relationships (where a bank is a borrower) is associated with higher borrowing costs. Unlike frequent borrowers, who are punished by borrowing at higher rates, the study finds out that this market favours frequent lenders. Precisely, frequent lenders get higher rates when lending liquidity in this market. In addition, in line with outstanding literature on interbank markets, it is found that risky banks are charged higher rates when borrowing from the interbank market, confirming the market disciplining role of this market. However, risky banks also demand higher rates when lending liquidity in this market. It is therefore concluded that interbank market relationships affect pricing of banking system liquidity. This implies that such relationships could hinder the effectiveness of monetary policy by limiting the impact of central banks’ efforts aiming at managing the market-wide interbank rates. The results of this study, therefore, provide guidance to central banks, especially in low-income countries, in their interbank monitoring role, especially in line with the assessment of the transmission of monetary policy.
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    Gender And Resource Extraction Decisions In Common-Pool Resources:A Lab-In-The-Field Experiment Among Pastoralists In Ethiopia
    (AERC, 2026) Desalegn Amlaku, Gugissa (PhD)
    This study examines the impact of gender composition on sustainable resource extraction decisions among Borana pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia. Using a common-pool grazing experiment with 225 participants, groups of five participants were randomly assigned varying female representations: two, three, and five females. The all-female groups served as a reference. Participants were tasked to decide on their level of pasture extraction from two hypothetical grazing rangelands under shared access, with varying pasture availability conditions based on their prior aggregate extraction, necessitating trade-offs between short-term self-interest and long-term collective sustainability. The results reveal that the two-female groups consistently outperformed other group compositions in cooperating for the sustainable use of the shared resources across the three resource availability conditions. When pasture was abundant, males in the two-female groups were more cooperative, choosing lower grazing intensity, whereas males in the three-female groups behaved uncooperatively, selecting higher grazing intensity and thus contributing to unsustainable extraction. This suggests that in female-dominated groups, males may resist female dominance by over-extracting resources. In contrast, males in the two-female groups cooperated more, leading to more sustainable outcomes. During relatively pasture-scarce times, cooperation was higher, with two-female groups exhibiting the most sustainable behavior. Under pasture scarcity, males in the two-female groups continued to cooperate more, while males in the three-female groups behaved uncooperatively. The findings emphasize that gender composition affects cooperative dynamics, with mixed-gender groups performing better under resource-scarce conditions. However, female dominance can trigger uncooperative behavior from males, undermining sustainability. For policymakers, the results imply that promoting the participation of women in shared resource management groups is a viable strategy for enhancing sustainability; female dominance, however, can also undermine long-term resource management goals.
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    Impact De L'irrigation Sur La Sécurité Alimentaire Et La Nutrition Chez Les Riziculteurs Du Bénin
    (AERC, 2026) Gbêtondji Melaine Armel Nonvide
    L'investissement dans le développement de l'irrigation est une priorité de la politique agricole au Bénin depuis 1960. Cela a conduit à la mise en place de plusieurs systèmes d'irrigation dans le pays. Cette étude vise à évaluer l'impact de l'irrigation sur la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition chez les producteurs de riz au Bénin. Elle s'appuie sur des données d'enquête recueillies auprès de 690 producteurs de riz, dont 150 irrigants et 540 non-irrigants, dans la municipalité de Malanville au Bénin. Un modèle de régression à commutation endogène a été utilisé pour contrôler les biais de sélection et les problèmes d'endogénéité liés à la variable d'adoption. L'accès au crédit, aux services de vulgarisation, la fréquence des organisations paysannes, l'accès aux médias, la participation au marché et la distance par rapport au système d'irrigation ont été les principaux déterminants de la participation au système d'irrigation. Les résultats ont également montré un impact positif de l'irrigation sur la diversité alimentaire, le score de consommation alimentaire et l'indice de masse corporelle. Cela confirme le potentiel