ISELDA Policy Briefs

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Socio-Economic Land Data Inventory and Improvement Strategy in Botswana
(2020-04) Marumo, Davis
The objective of this policy note is to inform the government of Botswana, especially the Ministry of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services, mandated to oversee land administration and management in the country, that Botswana lacks comprehensive datasets on socio-economic aspects of land and land-related issues to effectively inform land policy decisions in the country. Socioeconomic surveys conducted by Statistics Botswana are not focused on land matters. Survey questionnaires that are used to collect data lacked many thematic and targeted questions on socio-economic aspects of land and land related matters. Even those few questions asked were focused more on type and tenure of housing units and land ownership in the agricultural sector at the expense of non – agricultural sectors of the economy. The available socio-economic data on land were largely administrative, incomplete and not readily retrieval by users. The databases were not updated timely or the data were presented in non-consistent formats. Users find it difficult to use the data from different local and central authorities owing to such data inconsistencies. The land administration and management sector lacks a complete, well-coordinated, integrated, centralized and digitized (electronic) land data management system at the moment. Many key stakeholders and majority of their personnel lacked adequate knowledge and skills in identifying measureable socio-economic indicators in land-related matters they deal with in their workplaces. Botswana needs to adopt a three-prolong strategy to (1) improve coordination and management of production and dissemination of socio-economic statistics on land, (2) strengthen human resource development and management capacity to generate, manage, analyze and disseminate socio-economic statistics and information on land and (3) strengthen socio-economic statistical development institutions, processes and tools used to collect data among local and government authorities and other key stakeholders on land. This strategy requires existence of socio-economic land data production and quality improvement policy in the country. There is need for the MLWS in collaboration with Statistics Botswana to train key stakeholders in land-related matters to produce and manage quality socio-economic data in the workplace to inform land policy decisions in the country. Relevant academic programmes may be developed in tertiary education institutions to impart knowledge and skills on socio-economic land data management, use and land policy formulation and analysis.
Socio-Economic Land Data and Land Improvement Strategy for Uganda
(2022) Kasirye, Ibrahim
At least 75% of Ugandans resident in rural areas depend on agriculture and access to land is major determinant of the sustainability of their livelihoods. Land ownership in Uganda is characterized by overlapping land rights i.e., the recognition of private ownership as well as customary ownership of the same land parcel. A challenge faced by the land sector in Uganda is that most of the land in the country is not registered. Estimates indicate that only about 27% of land in Uganda is registered partly due to the cost of acquiring secure tenure documentation.
Socio-Economic Land Data Management in Benin
(2022-04) G. HONFOGA, Barthelemy
Land is at the heart of any country’s development, especially for agriculture, housing, environment, health, safety, and human security. It is a critical production factor in agriculture which, in Benin accounts for more than 70% of the labor force and contributes on average about 32% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)1 . Land in Benin is shared between agriculture (29%), residential areas (33%) and forest, mineral reserves, and hydroelectric dams (38%). The new land law (voted in 2013 and revised in 2017) is meant to correct the imperfections of previous land laws, and regulate land leases in respect of equity issues, including the access by women and the youth to land2 . Yet, in rural areas, customary norms still coexist with formal state laws, sometimes with confusing practices on the ground. The recent rural land registration and land certificate project3 , for implementing the law through geo-localization and participatory property right validation process, has not yet reached all rural areas, and the related socio-economic data are scanty and not appropriate for research and policy-making. Indeed, the data did not accrue from comprehensive land survey guidelines. Owing to the various problems arising from land use, and to the current imperfections in the application of the law, an inventory of available socio-economic land data is required to better inform land policies, and foster sustainable land governance and land management in Benin.
Policy Note on Socio Economic Land Data Management in Ghana
(2022-04) Novignon, Jacob
The ISELDA project sought to assess the nature and availability of socio economic land data in Ghana. The specific objectives of the study were to: identify key stakeholders in land and socio-economic land data, assess data availability and provide suggestions for improving socio-economic land data in Ghana. To achieve these objectives, we first conducted a desk review to identify what kind of data were available and their accessibility. We also identified and engaged with various stakeholders in land administration in Ghana. Seven (7) key stakeholders were identified. In terms of data availability, we found that, Ghana’s statistical service hosts a majority of the countries national level socio-economic data online and provides easy access to most of these datasets. The summary statistics presented focused mostly on agricultural land and showed some interesting variations across gender and location of the household in terms of land ownership and use. We recommend that government expand available socio-economic data to cover non-agricultural land ownership and use. Also, there is need to create a land help desk where socio-economic land data from all stakeholders can be managed for easy access. This will be helpful for policy decisions and implementations.
Inventory of Socio Economic Land Data in Africa (ISELDA): The Case of Ethiopia
(2022-04) Kenee, Fekadu Beyene
This policy note aims at examining land data management and land governance in Ethiopia. It outlines critical issues that were reflected in the land data inventory and data improvement strategy. The nationalization of land which involved transfer of land from a few landlords (who monopolized land ownership) to the state property while redistributing land to all farmers took place in 1975 under the governance of the socialist regime. The current government maintained the policy but introduced agricultural development-led industrialization as a development strategy of Ethiopia to guide the agricultural transformation and investment decisions. The country adopted the strategy due to the fact that there is a forward and backward linkage between agriculture and industry. Nevertheless, it seems that the Growth and Transformation Plan of the country has given limited attention to agriculture where the government allocated only 14.5 billion birr (3.7% of its national budget) for agriculture in its 2019/20 budget year (CEPHEUS Research and Analytics, 2019:7).
Inventory of Socio Economic Land Data in Madagascar
(2022-04) RAZAKAMANANA, Marilys
Land governance is needed to develop agriculture, protect environment, and ensure peace and security. It can improve the quality of life and well-being of the population. Finding concrete evidence upon which to base land policy requires the availability of accurate and up to date data and information on land. Therefore, an inventory of socio-economic land data has been carried out and strategies have been developed. Following stakeholders’ interviews and literature review on land in Madagascar, the aim is to inform decision-makers on policy measures that can improve these data and their accessibility. Socio economic data exist but are very scattered and are not updated. Most of them are stored on paper. Moreover, archiving is not compliant with standards. While statistics can be accessed, the data bases are inaccessible. Although the Observatory of Land (OATF) should ensure the management of most of socio-economic land data, conditions of accessibility depend rather on donors who finance the studies and surveys. Because of these problems, policy measures should consist of improving the quality of socio-economic land data and facilitating their accessibility.
Management of Socio-Economic Data on Land in Mali
(2022-04) Sanogo, Abdrahamane
Land management in Africa presents enormous challenges, both in terms of access to this important asset for life and in terms of its governance. These unsolved difficulties are still observable in both urban and rural areas. Despite its very large area (1,241,238 km2), and its large reserves of arable land, Mali faces a massive exodus towards urban centers, more specifically Bamako the capital city. This poses the serious problem of housing, and of food security. Thus, there is a rush on the land, both in urban and peri-urban areas, and in rural areas. Mali’s development is largely dependent on the rural and the mining sector. The related problems are intimately linked to land and its management. It is aware of this situation that NEPAD wanted first to make an inventory of the required socio-economic data, then to consider the assistance which can be brought for a more adequate management. To this end, the AERC/CREA was instructed by NEPAD to make an inventory of socio-economic land data in each of the selected pilot countries, including Mali, and to provide insights for improving their management so as to facilitate their use and access by researchers, decision-makers and the public. It must be recognized that in Mali, land data management has always been difficult, as the organizations in charge of it have always been faced with an insufficiency of the required resources - human, material and financial. Also, it is worth highlighting the complexity of the data to be managed, and the many disputes they have always presented. This policy note reports the salient results and policy implications of this study. These results come from interviews with key stakeholders in land management and governance in Mali, and from a documentary review. To lead an efficient and rational management of the land sector, with a view to reducing the interminable conflicts and disputes, the Ministry of State property and Land Affairs was created, and its branches strengthened and empowered. The Ministry deals with the necessary measures to solve land speculation throughout the national territory. Planning tools designed, but not used enough, did not solve the land problem. The development of a national spatial planning scheme provided for in the newly adopted National Territorial Planning Policy (PNAT) will take charge of the distribution of activities and development roles to achieve the desired economic balance. The State property and Land Reform Secretariat was created by Decree No. 2016- 0177/PM-RM of March 25, 2016. Its fundamental mission is to work towards the creation of a state property and land database. Thus, a new unique national parcel/ plot identifier has been introduced for rational management of land throughout the territory. Each urban or rural parcel/plot will have its national cadastral identification number (NINACAD)
Socio-Economic Land Data Strategy in Namibia
(2022-04) Kaulihowa, Teresia
Namibia lacks a comprehensive and harmonised socio-economic land database. The aim of this policy note is to provide a briefing on the collation of the socio economic land data in Namibia. Namibia’s land size is 824 000km2 , and it is characterised by a three-tenure system of which 23%, 35% and 42% are owned by the government, communal and commercial (agricultural) land respectively. The 2018 statistics indicates that commercial land has a total of 12 382 farmers with a land size of 39.7 million hectares. Majority of commercial land is privately owned (86%), whereas government owns the remaining 14%. The privately owned commercial land consists of the previously disadvantaged group (16%) as well as the previous advantaged group1 (70%). It is important to note that disparities still exist in terms of land ownership in Namibia. To address land redistribution and equitable distribution of land, the Ministry of Land Reform facilitated the enactment of eight Acts of Parliament and developed two national policies i.e. the National Resettlement Policy and National Land Policy. The Land Reform Settlement Programme currently offers 99-year lease agreement. Beginning from 1990 up until 2018, the national resettlement programme facilitated the acquisition of 3 million hectares of land through the willing buyer willing seller policy. About 54% of the acquired commercial farms were financed through the National Affirmative Action Loan Scheme of the AgriBank. The remaining 46% were financed privately on commercial interest rate. With regards to gender orientation, 10 % of farmland were acquired by females while the male category obtained 60% through the affirmative loan scheme. This is despite the fact that prior to independence, women were virtually excluded from owning land. It is therefore evident that commercial land re-distribution remains highly skewed towards the male category. With regards to the availability and accessibility of socio-economic land data, there is no one source-database primarily for socio-economic land data in Namibia. The Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA) reports only few variables mainly from national census and surveys whereas the Ministry of Land Reform manages the Land resettlement data and the N-class2 database. Other socio-economic land statistics remains scattered around various ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry; Ministry of Urban and Rural Development; Ministry of Environment and Tourism; Ministry of Mines and Energy, etc), government agencies (AgriBank) and NGOs (NACSO). Of concern is the fact that there is no harmonised socio-economic land data between the various entities, particularly between those that store data for administrative use and those that keep for statistical use. In ensuring that there is easy access and dissemination of socio-economic land data in Namibia, there is need to develop a harmonised and centralised national socio-economic land database. Inherent attributes such as affirmative action and previously disadvantaged should be incorporated in such a database to enhance proper planning, policy design and statistical use. To address issues of socio-economic land data, there is a need for policy commitment towards an integrated or comprehensive approach. This policy note recommends an establishment of a Help Desk that will serve as a host for a comprehensive and harmonised socio-economic land database for Namibia.
Inventory of Socio Economic Land Data (ISELDA) Project in Burkina Faso
(2022-04) Coulibaly, Doubahan Adeline
Land governance is important for the structural transformation and sustainable development of Africa and its adaptation to climate change. It is also relevant for investment opportunities in the land sector. The importance of land policy for sustainable development is increasingly recognized and NEPAD has undertaken the Land Governance Programme (LGP) to provide support to member countries in integrating land governance issues into sector plans and strategies. To do this, an inventory of socio-economic databases is necessary. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the development of quality socio economic databases accessible to researchers and decision-makers in order to inform policy design and implementation in 10 African countries, namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia and Uganda. The specific objectives are: (i) to provide an inventory of land data on household and firm surveys in Burkina Faso, (ii) to develop a strategy for improving land data collection in Burkina Faso, and finally (iii) to develop a policy note to inform policy makers
Socioeconomic Land Data Management in Cameroon
(African Economic Research Consortium, 2022-04) Ayamena, Hans Tino Mpenya
Human actions are the major causes of environmental changes and land seems to be the common element in all human activities. The main objective of this work is to study the data and stakes related to land issues in Cameroon. Specifically, it entails (1) carrying out an inventory of socio-economic data on issues related to land; (2) identifying the possibility of cross-matching between these databases and with other sources of data; and (3) making suggestions that could enable a better understanding of stakes and an improvement of land data collection and management. The methodology used consists in document analysis and nterviews with public and private institutions involved in these issues. In Cameroon, it can be observed that, in the household surveys (ECAM 1, 2, 3 and 4) conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS), the agriculture and rural development component includes land-related issues. The nation-wide scope of these surveys and their comparability make it possible for information from ECAM databases to be cross-matched with that from other data sources. A better understanding of the stakes inherent to land certainly requires a cross disciplinary approach which brings together environmental sciences, economic sciences, legal sciences, and practitioners drawn from the Ministries in charge land tenure, agriculture, and protection of the environment. Given the shortcomings of the current land laws, it is necessary that they be reformed. A unified approach of data collection in which the different ministries concerned with land issues are included in the designing of questionnaires for socio economic surveys, would contribute in improving the quality of information available on land. Improving the internal system for the management and processing of data from different ministries involved in land management, may equally help in improving the collection of socio-economic land data.

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